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Research Article
New data on some microhymenopteran families from Lagodekhi Protected Area, with new records for Georgia (Sakartvelo) and the Caucasus
expand article infoGeorge Japoshvili‡§
‡ Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
§ Invertebrate Research Center, Telavi, Georgia

Corresponding author: George Japoshvili ( g.japoshvili@agruni.edu.ge )

Academic editor: Levan Mumladze
© 2022 George Japoshvili.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Japoshvili G (2022) New data on some microhymenopteran families from Lagodekhi Protected Area, with new records for Georgia (Sakartvelo) and the Caucasus. Caucasiana 1: 7-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.1.e81647
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19F7E4A8-F25E-41C0-BFC0-2AFC31E8BE61
Open Access

Abstract

We present data on the distribution of seven wasp families, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae, Ismaridae, Megaspilidae, Platygastridae, Proctotrupidae and Scelionidae, collected in Georgia (Sakartvelo). Thirty-three genera are recorded for the first time from Georgia and 25 of them for the Caucasus. From these, 16 species level taxa are newly recorded in Georgia, and 14 identified species are new records for the Caucasus. This brings the number of known insect species in the Lagodekhi Protected Area (LPA) to 1682.

Key words

Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae, Megaspilidae, Platygastridae, Proctotrupidae, Scelionidae, parasitic wasps, South Caucasus

Introduction

Except for some families belonging to the Chalcidoidea superfamily, microhymenopterans in Georgia (Sakartvelo) are scarcely studied. Notwithstanding this neglect, the group contains some of the most important biological control agents of phytophagous insects, in particular selected species of Scelionidae (Japoshvili et al. 2022). Moreover, parasitoid wasps are a major component of many terrestrial ecosystems, and may constitute up to 20% of all insect species (LaSalle and Gauld 1991; Godfray 1994; Memmott et al. 1994). Here, I present hymenotperan survey results conducted in Lagodekhi Protected Area (LPA). The LPA was established in 1912, and is located in the extreme north-eastern part of Georgia along the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. Elevations in this region range from 590 to 3500 m. The LPA is among the most diverse and best-studied protected areas in Georgia, with 1666 insect species records to date (Japoshvili et al. 2022). More than 10 publications have been published during last 10 years detailing hundreds of new records for fauna within the LPA and Georgia (Japoshvili et al. 2016, 2017, 2019; Japoshvili and Kostjukov 2016, 2017; Kostjukov et al. 2016a,b; 2017; Kostjukov and Japoshvili 2016a,b; Gul Aslan et al. 2017; Japoshvili 2017, 2018; Dobosz et al. 2018; Dvorak et al. 2018; Otto and Japoshvili 2018; Riedel et al. 2018; Japoshvili and Khachikov 2021). Here we provide additional new faunistic records of hymenopterans in the LPA, documenting the first records of these taxa in Georgia and/or the Caucasus.

Material and methods

We collected samples in Lagodekhi Protected Area using malaise traps during the entire growing season, from April to November of 2014. Malaise traps were placed in seven different areas with the following vertical zonal characteristics: H1: low-altitude forest (450–750 m), 666 m, 41.852483, 46.287767;

H2: mid-altitude forest (750–1250 m), 847 m, 41.85585, 46.292733;

H3: high-altitude forest (1250–1800 m), 1351 m, 41.871467, 46.311533;

H4: subalpine forest (1800–2000 m),1841 m, 41.882733, 46.32185;

H5: subalpine forest (1800–2000 m), 1902 m, 41.885583, 46.324117;

H6: Subalpine meadows and shrublands (2000–2500 m), 2230 m, 41.89805, 46.333883;

H7: alpine zone (above 2500 m), 2559 m, 41.906183, 46.3334.

Malaise traps were obtained from B & N Entomological services (http://www.entomology.org.uk/). Traps were emptied every 10 (± 2) days and stored speciments in 96% alcohol. Subsequently, samples were CPD dried and card mounted (Noyes, 2019). After sorting, all microhymeniopterans not belonging to the Chalcidoidea superfamily and/or Cynipoidea were sent to Dr Lubomir Masner, who screened, sorted and prepared the specimens for further determination. Identifications were done by L. Masner using published keys (Medvedev 1978; Townes and Townes 1981; Kozlov and Kononova 1983).

All voucher and type specimens were deposited in the entomological collection of the Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia. New records for Georgia are indicated with one asterisk, two asterisks next to the taxon name indicates the taxon, new to the Caucasus.

Results and discussion

Annotiated list of species

Order: Hymenoptera

Family: Diapriidae Haliday, 1833

  • Only two species, Psilus punctiventris (Kozlov) and Spilomicrus cursor Kieffer, were known from Georgia (Apkhazeti and Achara (Batumi)), according to Medvedev (1978).

Genus: Entomacis Förster, 1856**

Entomacis perplexa (Haliday, 1857)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H3; 3.V.2014. 1 Female; H4-5; 25.VI-5.VII.2014. 1 Female; H6; 23.V-13.VI.2014.

Entomacis platyptera (Haliday, 1857)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 25.V-4.VI.2014.

Family: Ismaridae Thomson, 1858**

  • This family was historically considered as a subfamily of Diapriidae. However, based on recent integrative taxonomic investigation, the Ismarinae subfamily was elevated to family rank including the single genus Ismarus Haliday (Sharkey et al. 2012). There are no previous records of this family occurring in the Caucasus region.

Genus: Ismarus Haliday, 1835

Ismarus dorsiger (Haliday, 1831)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H5; 5-15.VII.2014. 1 Female; H6; 26.VII-6.VIII.2014.

Ismarus haliday Foerster, 1850

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female, 1 Male; H6; 23.V-13.VI.2014.

Family: Megaspilidae Ashmead, 1893

  • Only one genus and one species, Megaspilus dux (Curtis), was previously known from Georgia, according to Alekseev and Radchenko (2001).

Genus: Trichosteresis Forster, 1856**

Trichosteresis glabra (Boheman, 1832)

  • GEORGIA • 2 Females; H5; 23.V-13.VI.2014. 2 Females; H5; 5-15.VII.2014. 1 Male; H5; 26.IX-6.X.2014.

Family: Platygastridae Haliday, 1833

  • Prior to our study, 5 species representing 5 genera were recorded from Georgia, including Allotropa conventus (Maneval) and Synopeas figitiformis Thomson (Medvedev 1978), Acerotella boter (Walker), Amblyaspis aliena (Nees), Leptaces laodices (Walker) (Timokhov 2019).

Genus: Iphitrachelus Haliday, 1836**

Iphitrachelus gracilis Masner, 1957

  • GEORGIA • 1 Male; H1; 4-14.VI. 2014.

Iphitrachelus lar Haliday, 1835

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 25.V-4.VI.2014. 1 Female; H6; 5-15.VIII.2014.

Genus: Metaclisis Förster, 1856**

Metaclisis areolata (Haliday, 1835)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 17-23.IV.2014.

Genus: Platystasius Nixon, 1937**

Platystasius transversus (Thomson, 1859)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 5-15.VI.2014. 1 Female; H2; 25.V-4.VI.2014. 1 Female; H2; 25.VI-5.VII.2014. 1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014.

Family: Proctotrupidae Latreille, 1802

  • According to Lelej (2012) , the following 19 species have been recorded from Georgia prior to our studies: Brachyserphus parvulus (Nees), Codrus picicornis (Foerster,), Cryptoserphus aculeator (Haliday), C. dilates Townes, C. flavipes (Provancher), C. medius Townes, Disogmus areolator Haliday, D. basalis (Thomson), Exallonyx ater (Gravenhorst), E. brevicornis (Haliday), E. crenicornis (Nees), E. minor Townes, E. wasmanni Kieffer, Mischoserphus obesus Townes, Phaenoserphus chittii (Morley), P. nigripes (Ashmead), P. viator (Haliday) and Proctotrupes gravidator (Linnaeus). M. arcuator (Stelfox) was recorded by Izadihzadeh et al. (2016) from Georgia.

Genus: Brachyserphus Hellen, 1941

Brachyserphus parvulus (Nees, 1834)

  • GEORGIA • 4 Females, 1 Male; H5; 5-15.VII.2014.

Genus: Disogmus Förster, 1856

Disogmus areolator (Haliday, 1839)

  • GEORGIA • 3 Females, 4 Males; H1; 25.V-4.VI.2014. 1 Female, 1 Male; H2; 15-25.V.2014. 1 Female; H4-5; 25.VI-5.VII.2014. 2 Females ; H5; 5-15.VII.2014. 2 Males; H6; 23.V-13.VI.2014.

Genus: Exallonyx Kieffer, 1904

Exallonyx brevicornis (Haliday, 1839)

  • GEORGIA • 2 Females; H4-5; 25.VI-5.VII.2014. 1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014. 1 Female; H5; 23.V-13.VI.2014.

Mischoserphus arcuator (Stelfox, 1950)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 25.V-4.VI.2014. 3 Females; H4-5; 25.VI-5.VII.2014.

Genus: Phaenoserphus Kieffer, 1908

Phaenoserphus calcar (Haliday, 1839)**

  • GEORGIA • 1 Male; H4; 5-15.VII.2014.

Genus: Tretoserphus Townes, 1981**

Tretoserphus laricis (Haliday, 1839)

  • GEORGIA • 4 Females; H3; 3.V.2014.

Family: Scelionidae Haliday, 1839

  • Ninteen species belonging the Scelionidae family have been recorded prior to our studies from Georgia: Duta tenuicornis (Dodd), Proteleas tridentstus Kozlov, Telenomus chloropus (Thomson), T. hofmanni Mayr, T. oophagus Nikolskaja, Trimorus elongatus (Kieffer), T. pedes (Kieffer), Trissolcus tumidus (Mayr) (Lelej 2012), Encyrtoscelio apterus (Szelenyi), Eremioscelio cydnoides Priesner, Psilanteria bicolor (Kieffer), Teleas quinquespinosus Szabo, T. sibiricus Kieffer and T. sulcatus (Kozlov) (Timokhov 2019b). Recently, Japoshvili et al. (2021) reported following species from Georgia: T. belenus (Walker), T. colemani (Crawford), T. cultratus (Mayr), T. scutellaris (Thomson), T. semistratius (Nees).

Genus: Idris Förster, 1856**

Idris pedestris (Kieffer, 1908)

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 26.VII-6.VIII.2014. 1 Female; H1; 17.IX-6.X.2014. 1 Female; H2; 20.VII-5.VIII.2014. 1 Female; H2; 23.VIII.-4.IX.2014.

Genus: Scelio Latreille, 1805*

Scelio rugulosus Latreille, 1805**

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H1; 25.V-4.VI. 1 Female; H5; 5-15.VIII.

Genus: Teleas Latreille, 1809

Teleas lamellatus Szabo, 1956*

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H5; 5-15.VIII.2014.

Genus: Trissolcus Ashmead, 1904

Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858)*

  • GEORGIA • 1 Female; H2; 5-15.VII.2014. 1 Female; H5; 23.V-13.VI.2014.

Trissolcus cultratus (Mayr, 1879)

  • GEORGIA • 2 Females; H1; 26.VII-6.VIII.2014. 1 Female; H2; 25.V-1.VI.2014. 1 Female; H3; 12-31.V.2014. 13 Femlaes; H6; 23.V-13.VI.2014. 1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014.

Genus: Xenomerus Walker, 1836**

Xenomerus ergenna Walker, 1836

  • GEORGIA • 10 Females; H6; 25.VI-5.VII.2014. 1 Female; H5; 15-25.VI.2014.

Additional remarks

In addition, a number of taxa were recorded in the LPA which have unknown species identities. These include Aphanogmus sp. (Ceraphronidae) (1 Female; H1; 5-15.VI.2014) (from this genus, the only species, A. steinitzi Priesner, was recorded from Achara region of Georgia (Medvedev 1978)), Acanosema sp.** (1 Female; H1; 25.VI.-5.VII.2014), Acropiesta sp.** (1 Female; H2; 15-25.VI.2014), Aneurhynchus sp.** (1 Female; H3; 15-25.VI.2014), Basalys sp.** (1 Female; H3; 15-25.VI.2014), Pantoclis sp.** (1 Female; H4; 5-15.VII.2014), Paramesius sp.** (1 Male; H1; 5-15.VI.2014), Synacra sp.** (1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014), Trichopria sp.** (1 Female; H6; 25.VII-3.VIII.2014), Cinetus sp.* (1 Female; H4; 5-15.VII.2014) (all from the family Diapriidae), Atritomellus sp.** (1 Female; H6; 23.V.-3.VI.2014), Conostigmus sp.** (1 Female; H3; 3.V.2014), Dendrocerus sp.* (1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014), Lagynodes sp.* (1 Female; H6; 15-25.VII.2014) (all ffrom the family Megaspilidae), Acerotella sp. (1 Female; H2; 15-25.V.2014), Allotropa sp. (1 Female; H6; 15-25.VII.2014), Amblyaspis sp. (1 Female; H6; 15-25.VII.2014), Isocybus sp.** (1 Female; H6; 25.VI.-5.VII.2014), Piestopleura sp.** (1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014), Platygaster sp.** (1 Female; H3; 3.V.2014) Pyrgaspis sp.** (1 Female; H5; 5-15.VIII.2014), Tetrabaeus sp.** (1 Female; H1; 26.VII.-6.VIII.2014), Leptacis sp.* (1 Male; H1; 5-15.VI.2014. 1 Female; H6; 5-15.VII.2014), Synopeas sp.* (1 Female; H6; 5-15.VIII.2014), Cryptoserphus sp. (1 Female; H4-5; 25.VI.-5.VII.2014) (all from the family Platygastridae), Anteris sp.** (1 Female; H1; 5-15.VI.2014), Gryon sp.* (1 Female; H1; 5-15.VI.2014), Sparasion sp.* (1 Male; H5; 5-15.VIII.2014), Telenomus sp. (1 Male; H5; 5-15.VII.2014) and Trimorus sp. (1 Male; H6; 5-15.VII.2014) (all from the family Scelionidae).

In summary, new records to Georgia or the Caucasus were identified, and a number of unidentified taxa belonging to seven wasp families, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae, Ismaridae, Megaspilidae, Platygastridae, Proctotrupidae and Scelionidae, were collected in the LPA. Sixteen of these species were new country records for Georgia (14 new for the Caucasus) and thus the number of insect species recorded from LPA has reached 1682 species (Japoshvili et al. 2022). From the species identified to morpho species level, 33 genera, have been newly recorded from Georgia and 25 of them are new for the Caucasus. Undoubtedly, the current knowledge of hymenopterans of Georgia and the Caucasus in general is incomplete and further research will almost certainly reveal many new taxa.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr Lubomir Masner, Research Associate (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada), for his kind help in species identifications. We also thank the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation for financial support (project ref. FR/221/7-110/13).

დასკვნა

ნაშრომში წარმოდგენილია სიფრიფანაფრთიან-ების კვლევის შედეგები ლაგოდეხის დაცული ტერიტორიებიდან. შესწავლილი იქნა შვიდი ოჯახი (Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae, Ismaridae, Megaspilidae, Platygastridae, Proctotrupidae and Scelionidae) რომელთაგან ერთი ოჯახი წარმოადგენს პირველ შეტყობინებას კავკასიის რეგიონისთვის. 16 სახეობა ახალია საქართველოსთვის, მათგან 14 კი კავკასიისათვის. ასევე, სახეობებიდან, რომლებიც გაირკვა მორფო სახეობის დონეზე 33 გვარი ახალია საქართველოსათვის, მათგან 25 კი კავკასიისათვის. კვლევის შედეგების შედეგად ლაგოდეხის დაცული ტერიტორიებისთვის აღწერილ მწერთა სახეობების რაოდენობა გაიზარდა 1682 სახეობამდე.

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