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Research Article
First record of 15 species of Hemiptera (Hexapoda, Insecta) in Georgia
expand article infoBeka Chitadze‡, Natalia Bulbulashvili§, Lasha-Giorgi Japaridze|, Alexander Drogvalenko, Pierre Moulet#, Armen Seropian‡
‡ Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
§ Unaffiliated, Gori, Georgia
| Unaffiliated, Telavi, Georgia
¶ Museum of Nature V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
# Museum Requien, Avignon, France

Corresponding author: Beka Chitadze ( beka.chitadze.2@iliauni.edu.ge )

Academic editor: Gavril Marius Berchi
© 2024 Beka Chitadze, Natalia Bulbulashvili, Lasha-Giorgi Japaridze, Alexander Drogvalenko, Pierre Moulet, Armen Seropian.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Chitadze B, Bulbulashvili N, Japaridze L-G, Drogvalenko A, Moulet P, Seropian A (2024) First record of 15 species of Hemiptera (Hexapoda, Insecta) in Georgia. Caucasiana 3: 127-143. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.3.e124994
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1C352453-E312-4643-9A55-CF32DFF60BC7
Open Access

Abstract

During the fieldworks conducted within the CaBOL project in 2020–2023, 14 new species of Heteroptera belonging to seven families, and a new species of Auchenorrhyncha were collected in Georgia for the first time: Trypetimorpha occidentalis Huang & Bourgoin, 1993 (Tropiduchidae), Dimorphopterus blissoides (Baerensprung, 1859) (Blissidae), Europiella decolor (Uhler, 1893), Tuponia mixticolor (A. Costa, 1862), Deraeocoris ventralis Reuter, 1904, Orthocephalus brevis (Panzer, 1798) (Miridae), Alloeorhynchus flavipes (Fieber, 1836) (Nabidae), Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831), Vilpianus galii Wolff, 1802 (Pentatomidae), Holotrichius bergrothi Reuter, 1891, Reduvius ciliatus Jakovlev, 1879, Oncocephalus squalidus (Rossi, 1790) (Reduviidae), Pterotmetus staphyliniformis (Germar, 1831), Diomphalus hispidulus Fieber, 1864 (Rhyparochromidae), and Psacasta neglecta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1837) (Scutellaridae). The present study provides distributional, genetic, and collecting information on the newly recorded species followed by remarks.

Key words

Auchenorrhyncha, CaBOL, entomology, faunistics, Heteroptera, new records, South Caucasus

Introduction

Suborder Heteroptera Latreille, 1810, is one of the diverse groups of insects with approximately 45,000 species worldwide, of which up to 9,000 are distributed in the Palaearctic region (Aukema et al. 2013; Henry 2017). Around 700 species of true bugs are known to occur in Georgia (Tarkhnishvili et al. 2013), with the most recent additions being an overview of aquatic bugs of the Javakheti Highland (Shapovalov et al. 2019), the review of water bugs of the Caucasus ecoregion (Berchi et al. 2023), the first record of the family Leptopodidae by Chitadze et al. (2023), and the first records of bat-associated Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Ghazarayan et al. 2023). The main contribution to the study of hemipterans in Georgia was made by Zaitseva (1964, 1966a, 1966b, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1974a, 1974b, 1974c, 1975a, 1975b, 1977a, 1977b, 1977c, 1981, 1984, 1998), who laid the foundation for future researchers devoting numerous works to the zoogeographic and faunistic diversity of bugs in various regions of Georgia.

The main sources on the species diversity of Auchenorrhyncha in Georgia are online databases (Tarkhnishvili et al. 2013; Dmitriev et al. 2023) and catalogs (Nast 1972), according to which there are currently about 500 species in the country out of approximately 4,000 species known from the Palaearctic region (Nast 1972). Trypetimorpha fenestrata Costa, 1862 (Tropiduchidae) was previously reported in Georgia (Sokhumi) (Logvinenko 1975), and the record of T. occidentalis is new for the fauna of Georgia. Despite the presence of recent studies on this peculiar group of insects in Georgia and the Caucasus overall (Karavin et al. 2011; Emeljanov 2012, 2015; Tishechkin 2014; Liang et al. 2023), the main emphasis was placed on the presence of alien and potentially dangerous pests for agriculture (Nast 1987) and methods of dealing with them. The present study aims to provide information on the first records of 15 species of Hemiptera previously unknown to Georgia.

Material and methods

The material was collected within the framework of the BMBF-funded project Caucasus Barcode of Life (CaBOL) (https://ggbc.eu/). The specimens were collected by hand and sweep-net, fixed in 96% ethanol, and later stored in a freezer under -22˚C for further DNA barcoding at Ilia State University, Institute of Ecology. The specimens were determined using various keys (Wagner 1964; Kerzhner 1968, 1981; Péricart 1987, 1990, 2001; Huang and Bourgoin 1993; Moulet 2006; Ribes and Gapon 2006; Putshkov and Moulet 2009; Drapolyuk 2017; Lock 2018; Luthi and Dioli 2020; Khazaei et al. 2020; Moulet 2020; Carapezza and Rădac 2021; Fent et al. 2023). The following species were identified via COI Barcoding. Trypetimorpha occidentalis Huang & Bourgoin, 1993, Europiella decolor (Uhler, 1893), Deraeocoris ventralis Reuter, 1904, Alloeorhynchus flavipes (Fieber, 1836), Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831), Vilpianus galii Wolff, 1802, and Pterotmetus staphyliniformis (Germar, 1831).

Photos of the specimens were taken using a Canon EOS 90D camera with a Canon EF-S 60 mm f/2.8 Macro USM lens. The digital images were prepared using Zerene Stacker image stacking software and Adobe Photoshop CS6. In addition, pictures of the specimens/species not included in the main article are provided in the Suppl. material 1.

DNA processing

Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples using the Quick-DNA Miniprep Plus Kit (Zymo Research) (for 25 mg of tissue). Partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer pairs LCOI490-JJ and HCO2198- JJ (Astrin and Stüben 2008). Thermal conditions included denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, followed by the first cycle set (15 cycles): 94°C for 30 sec., annealing at 55°C for 1 min (−1°C per cycle), and extension at 72°C for 1:30 min. Second cycle set (25 cycles): 94°C for 35 sec., 45°C for 1 min. 72°C for 1:30 min, followed by 1 cycle at 72°C for 3 min and the final extension step at 72°C for 5 min. PCR amplicons were visualized on 1% agarose gels using 1.7 μl of PCR product. Sequencing of the unpurified PCR products in both directions was conducted at the Beijing Genomics Institute (Hong Kong, CN) by using the amplification primers. Sequence analysis was performed using Geneious Prime 2022.1.1 (http://www.geneious.com). Extracted DNA was deposited in the scientific collections of Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia, and aliquots will be deposited at LIB Biobank at Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany, while the sequences have been submitted to Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) databases. The newly obtained DNA barcodes of COI sequences were checked against the BOLD Systems database (http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php). Barcode Index Number (BIN) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013) for the sequenced taxa and their nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems (if they had a BIN) are also given. For the evaluation of sequence differentiation, we used p-distance as calculated in the BOLD Systems.

Results

Order Hemiptera

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha

Family Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866

Genus Trypetimorpha Bierman, 1910

Trypetimorpha occidentalis Huang & Bourgoin, 1993

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 3 specimens; Dighomi park (Tbilisi); 41.7695, 44.7737; 426 m a.s.l.; 31 Jul. 2021; leg. A. Seropian; in vegetation near the ground; CaBOL-IDs 1011721, 1011733, 1011745.

Barcoding

Three barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1011721, 1011733, and 1011745 (BOLD:ACP5742, maximum p-distance 0.15%), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being T. occidentalis from Kazakhstan (BOLD:ACP5742) (mean p-distance 0.61%).

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, T. occidentalis was previously reported from Turkey, Armenia, and Russia (Rostov Area) (Tishechkin 2003; Karavin et al. 2021). The species is broadly distributed in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm (Huang and Bourgoin 1993; Bourgoin 2019).

Suborder Heteroptera

Family Blissidae Stål, 1862

Genus Dimorphopterus Stal, 1872

Dimorphopterus blissoides (Baerensprung, 1859)

Fig. 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 4 specimens; Dighomi park (Tbilisi); 41.7686, 44.7740; 428 m a.s.l.; 3. October 2021; leg. A. Seropian; on Phragmites sp.; CaBOL-IDs 1010339, 1010342, 1010399, 1010425.

Barcoding

A single barcode was obtained from the specimen with CaBOL-ID 1010399 (BOLD:AFZ7676), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being Dimorphopterus spinolae (Signoret, 1857) from Austria with a private status (p-distance 3.21%). There are no barcodes of D. blissoides available in BOLD Systems as we submitted the first one.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, D. blissoides has been previously reported from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the Russian Federation (Neimarovets 2010; Grebennikov and Anikin 2020; Kment et al. 2023). The distribution of the species covers the Ponto-Mediterranean region (Linnavuori 1995; Kment et al. 2023). It is associated with common reeds (Phragmites australis) in the sheaths of dry leaves and in the cavities of broken stems, where adults and larvae of older stages hibernate. In the spring, the bugs move to the growing young shoots, gathering 2-6 or more in the sheaths of the leaves of the preapical node or among the semi-opened leaves at the top of the shoots, where they remain until the end of their lives (Putshkov 1969; Kment et al. 2023).

Figures 1–7. 

Dimorphopterus blissoides (1). Holcogaster fibulata (2). Vilpianus galii (3). Holotrichius bergrothi (4).Reduvius ciliatus (5). Oncocephalus squalidus (6). Psacasta neglecta (7). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Miridae Hahn, 1831

Genus Europiella Reuter, 1909

Europiella decolor (Uhler, 1893)

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Tbilisi; 41.7709, 44.7668; 449 m a.s.l.; 05. December 2021; leg. A. Seropian; on Artemisia sp., steppe; CaBOL-ID 1020718. • 2 specimens; Tbilisi; 41.7707, 44.7671; 449 m a.s.l.; 22. May 2022; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; on Artemisia sp. in steppe; CaBOL-IDs 1025480, 1025481.

Barcoding

Two identical barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1020718 and 1025481 (BOLD:ACY0805), identical to E. decolor from the Netherlands with a private status in BOLD Systems.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, E. decolor has been previously reported from Iran (Linnavuori and Modarres 1999; Linnavuori 2007). Its range extends from Western Europe (including Great Britain, France, and Spain) to Western Asia (including Iran), and its distribution is considered to be Holarctic in general (Kerzhner and Josifov 1999; Aukema et al. 2013). The species is found on Artemisia, commonly referred to as a host plant (Linnavuori 2007; Protić 2020).

Genus Tuponia Reuter, 1865

Tuponia mixticolor (A. Costa, 1862)

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 3 specimens; Kumisi lake vicinity; 41.6027, 44.8163; 494 m a.s.l.; 24. September 2021; leg. A. Seropian; on Tamarix sp.; CaBOL-IDs 1016838, 1016839, 1016840.

Barcoding

Three barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1016838, 1016839, and 1016840 (BOLD:AFX3631; maximum within-barcode p-distance 0.15%), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being Campylomma sp. from Austria with a private status (mean p-distance 5.96%). There are no barcodes of T. mixticolor in BOLD systems as we submit the first ones.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, T. mixticolor has been previously reported from Iran and Russia (Astrakhan) (Drapolyuk 1980; Linnavuori 2007, 2010). The species is distributed in Western Palaearctic and tropical Africa (Cabo Verde, Sudan) (Aukema and Rieger 1999). T. mixticolor is found on the Tamarix species (Gravestein 1978; Aukema et al. 2019).

Genus Deraeocoris Kirschbaum, 1856

Deraeocoris ventralis ventralis Reuter, 1904

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 3 specimens; Tbilisi; 41.7707, 44.7671; 449 m a.s.l.; 22. May 2022; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; on Artemisia sp.; CaBOL-IDs 1025469, 1025470, 1025471.

Barcoding

Three identical barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1025469, 1025470, and 1025471 (BOLD:AFB2062), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being D. ventralis from Austria with a private status (mean p-distance 0.92%).

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, D. ventralis has been previously reported from Turkey, Russia (Central European Territory, East Siberia, South European Territory, West Siberia), Armenia, and Azerbaijan (Aukema and Rieger 1999; Yazici et al. 2019; Vinokurov and Rudoi 2020). The species is considered to be Euro-Siberian (Vinokurov and Rudoi 2020).

Genus Orthocephalus Fieber, 1858

Orthocephalus brevis (Panzer, 1798)

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 2 specimens; Telovani (12 km E of Tbilisi); 41.8023, 44.6768; 923 m a.s.l.; 27. May 2023; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; in vegetation, meadow; CaBOL-IDs 1035525, 1035526.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, O. brevis has been previously reported from Russia (Central European Territory, East Siberia, South European Territory, West Siberia, North European Territory), Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey (Hoberlandt 1955; Aukema and Rieger 1999; Namyatova and Konstantinov 2009). This species has a European-Caucasian-Siberian range.

Nabidae Costa, 1853

Genus Alloeorhynchus Fieber, 1860

Alloeorhynchus flavipes (Fieber, 1836)

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Gori; 41.9848, 44.1389; 696 m a.s.l.; 24. October 2021; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; under rocks in heathland; CaBOL-ID 1018766. • 1 specimen; Telovani; 41.8112, 44.6911; 995 m a.s.l.; 15. August 2021; leg. A. Seropian; under a rock at the edge of the forest, deciduous forest; CaBOL-ID 1012590. • 1 specimen; Gori; 41.9701, 44.0921; 803 m a.s.l.; 18. September 2021; leg. A. Seropian; under rocks in steppe; CaBOL-ID 1016910.

Barcoding

Two barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1012590 and 1016910 (BOLD:AGA5866: maximum within-bar­code p-distance 0.17%), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being A. flavipes from Austria with a private status (mean p-distance 7.03%). Such large differences between sequences may be due to misidentification of the Austrian specimen or the species identification via COI subunit is not possible.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, A. flavipes has been previously reported from Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Russia (South European Territory) (Hoberlandt 1955; Fent and Aktaç 2007; Ghahari et al. 2010; Dursun and Fent 2015). The species’ general distribution is in Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and Iran (Kerzhner 1996).

Pentatomidae Leach, 1815

Genus Holcogaster Fieber, 1861

Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831)

Fig. 2

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Tbilisi; 41.7671, 44.7708; 432 m a.s.l.; 21. August 2021; leg. A. Seropian and N. Bulbulashvili; on a tree trunk in the deciduous forest; CaBOL-ID 1012528. • 1 specimen; Tbilisi; E41.7063, 44.7508; 739 m a.s.l.; 08. May 2021; leg. A. Seropian and N. Bulbulashvili; on Pinus sp. CaBOL-ID 1011717 and 1012528.

Barcoding

Two identical barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1012528 and 1011717 (BOLD:ACS3305), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being H. fibulata from France (BOLD: ACS3305, p-distance 0.31%).

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, H. fibulata has been previously reported in Turkey, and Iraq (Ribes and Gapon 2006; Matocq et al. 2014; Çerçi and Özgen 2021; Fent and Dursun 2022). The species is originally Holomediterranean, currently spreading, e.g., in central Europe (Ribes and Pagola-Carte 2013).

Genus Vilpianus Stål, 1860

Vilpianus galii Wolff, 1802

Fig. 3

Material examined

GEORGIA • 3 specimens; Gori; 41.9810, 44.0789; 650 m a.s.l.; 15. July 2021; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; on Gallium sp. in steppe; CaBOL-IDs 1011597, 1011598, 1011599.

Barcoding

A single barcode was obtained from the specimen with CaBOL-ID 1011597 (BOLD:AGA7433), which had the best match with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being V. galii from Austria with a private status (p-distance 1.99%).

Remarks

From the adjacent territories, V. galii has been previously reported from Russia (Stavropol Krai), Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia (Fent 2010; Kıyak and Akar 2010; Grebennikov and Anikin 2020; Fent and Dursun 2022; Iskandarov et al. 2022). The species is considered Mediterranean-Iranian-Turanian (Gapon 2014; Meral and Dursun 2022), where it’s found on Gallium sp. Unlike the fluid movement typical for most of the pentatomids, V. galii locomotion is characterized by “jerky” movements (personal observation).

Reduviidae Latreille, 1807

Genus Holotrichius Burmeister, 1835

Holotrichius bergrothi Reuter, 1891

Fig. 4

Material examined

GEORGIA • 6 specimens (macropterous form); Mijniskure (Vashlovani National Park); 41.1113, 46.648; 94 m a.s.l.; 20. June 2022; leg. L. and A. Vähätalo; in vegetation near the ground, meadow; CaBOL-ID 1030561.

Remarks

Previously, this species was considered a sub-Turanian endemic with records from Russia (South European territory), the European part of Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (Aukema and Rieger 1996; Yesenbekova and Homziak 2013). This is the first record of H. bergothi for the Caucasus ecoregion.

Genus Reduvius Fabricius, 1775

Reduvius ciliatus Jakovlev, 1879

Fig. 5

Material examined

GEORGIA • 6 specimens; Mijniskure (Vashlovani National Park); 41.1113, 46.648; 94 m a.s.l.; 20. June 2022; leg. L. and A. Vähätalo; under rocks; CaBOL-IDs 1030553, 1030554, 1030555.

Barcoding

Three nearly identical barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1030553, 1030554, and 1030555 (BOLD:AFX5349, mean p-distance 0.2%), which is the first one of the species that we submit to the BOLD Systems.

Remarks

This species is known from the Middle East, Iraq, and Iran, as well as from Russia (the south European part), Turkey, Armenia, and Azerbaijan adjacent to Georgia (Hoberlandt 1955; Putshkov and Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013; Dursun and Salur 2013; Мusaev et al. 2022).

Genus Oncocephalus Klug, 1830

Oncocephalus squalidus (Rossi, 1790)

Fig. 6

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Mijniskure (Vashlovani National Park); 41.1113, 46.648; 94 m a.s.l.; 20. June 2022; leg. L. and A. Vähätalo; under rocks.

Remarks

From neighboring countries, O. squalidus has previously been reported in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia (Hoberlandt 1955; Aukema and Rieger 1996). General distribution is considered to be Holomediterranean (Yildirim et al. 2010).

Rhyparochromidae Amyot and Serville, 1843

Genus Pterotmetus Amyot & Serville, 1843

Pterotmetus staphyliniformis (Germar, 1831)

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Gori; 41.9684, 44.0939; 800 m a.s.l.; 17. August 2021; leg. N. Bulbulashvili and A. Seropian; under rocks in steppe; CaBOL-ID 1012409.

Barcoding

A single barcode was obtained from the specimen with CaBOL-ID 1012409 (BOLD:AAY9334), with the nearest neighbor in BOLD Systems being P. staphyliniformis from Finland (BOLD: AAY9334, p-distance 0.46%).

Remarks

The distribution of this species in Georgia was previously questioned (Péricart 2001) and is now confirmed. From neighboring countries, P. staphyliniformis has previously been reported in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia (Krasnodar Krai, Republic of Adygea, Stavropol Krai, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Dagestan) (Lodos et al. 1999; Golub et al. 2014; Vinokurov et al. 2019; Grebennikov and Anikin 2020; Baymak and Kiyak 2022). The range of the species covers the Palaearctic region (Vinokurov et al. 2019). The species is found on and under various herbs: Achillea, Verbascum, Tanacetum, Elytrigia, and other Poaceae, Sedum, etc. (Putshkov 1969).

Genus Diomphalus Fieber, 1864

Diomphalus hispidulus Fieber, 1864

For the image, see Suppl. material 1

Material examined

GEORGIA • 2 specimens; Chachuna Managed Reserve; 41.2500, 45.9484; 648 m a.s.l.; 15. July 2023; leg. B. Chitadze; near the ground in semidesert; CaBOL-ID 1035717.

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, D. hispidulus has been previously reported in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia (South European territory) (Lodos et al. 1999; Aukema and Rieger 2001). The species exhibits a wide-ranging distribution within the Palaearctic realm (Aukema and Rieger 2001).

Scutellaridae Leach, 1815

Genus Psacasta Germar, 1839

Psacasta neglecta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1837)

Fig. 7

Material examined

GEORGIA • 1 specimen; Gori; 41.970254, 44.092491; 790 m a.s.l.; 16. May 2023; leg. N. Bulbulashvili; under rocks in steppe; CaBOL-ID 1035491 (Fig. 7).

Remarks

From the neighboring countries, P. neglecta has been previously reported in Turkey and the North Caucasus of Russia (Putshkov 1961; Adlbauer and Heiss 1980; Fent and Aktaç 2007; Fent 2010). Common in the Balkan peninsula (Fent and Aktaç 2007). The main food plants for this species are Lappula squarrosa, and various species of Echium and Anchusa (Putshkov 1961).

Discussion

A total of 14 species of Heteroptera (Dimorphopterus blissoides, Europiella decolor, Tuponia mixticolor, Deraeocoris ventralis, Orthocephalus brevis, Alloeorhynchus flavipes, Holcogaster fibulata, Vilpianus galii, Holotrichius bergrothi, Reduvius ciliatus, Oncocephalus squalidus, Pterotmetus staphyliniformis, Diomphalus hispidulus, Psacasta neglecta), belonging to 7 different families, have been identified and recorded from various regions of Georgia for the first time, as well as new species of Auchenorrhyncha (Trypetimorpha occidentalis). Not surprisingly, Miridae outnumbered other families, as a total of four new species (Europiella decolor, Tuponia mixticolor, Deraeocoris ventralis, Orthocephalus brevis) were identified in this family. This is consistent with Miridae status as the largest heteropteran family, with more than 11,100 described species worldwide (Henry 2017).

Considering that most of these species have been previously reported from the adjacent territories, further targeted studies are expected to reveal more new records.

Acknowledgements

Deepest gratitude to the CaBOL (Caucasus Barcode of Life) entomological team and the Genetic Laboratory of Ilia State University. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the author. Special thanks to Leo and Ansi Vähätalo (Helsinki, Finland) and Shota Japarashvili (Tbilisi, Ilia State University) for providing data and collecting specimens.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

The study was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under grant number 01DK20014A

Author contributions

BC & AS led the writing, prepared samples for genetic purposes, and identified specimens, NB, AS & L-GJ sampled the material, AD & PM identified specimens, AS prepared the figures.

Author ORCIDs

Beka Chitadze https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-5827

Natalia Bulbulashvili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-1209

Lasha-Giorgi Japaridze https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-5589

Alexander Drogvalenko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-8421

Pierre Moulet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1846-698X

Armen Seropian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-9954

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text or Supplementary Information.

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Supplementary material

Supplementary material 1 

Additional images of the mentioned barcoded specimens.

Chitadze B, Bulbulashvili N, Japaridze L-G, Drogvalenko A, Moulet P, Seropian A

Data type: (images)

Explanation note: The file contains additional photos of specimens mentioned in the main article (barcoded specimens) but does not represent the main text.

This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.
https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.3.e124994.suppl1
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