Corresponding author: Alain Migeon (
Academic editor: Levan Mumladze
This article provides an updated list of the
Here we propose an updated list of the
The sampled site is located at Chakvis Tskali, Kobuleti District, Adjara (
The climate of the region is characteristic of the Batumi area and the Black Sea Georgian coast, with high precipitations (avg. 2515 mm/year), mild winters (avg. 7 °C in January) and mild summers (avg. 23 °C in July). The region has warm temperate, almost subtropical, climate conditions (
Beating trays were used to collect ladybird beetles by beating and shaking the branches of orange trees. The ladybird beetles were then collected with an aspirator and subsequently identified to species level in the laboratory using available literature (
The list of the species recorded from Georgia is established following
This non-native species intentionally introduced in Georgia (Adjara) was initially identified as
However,
We found one specimen of
Along with
In addition, we report one observation of
When a taxon’s nomenclature has been changed since the publication of
Six species are recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Three species can be considered as present in Georgia.
R. lophanthae is an introduced species established in a large number of countries in Europe and around the World (Roy and Migeon, 2010, Rondoni et al., 2020).
Thirty-six species are recorder from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Following Kovář (2007)C. quatuordecimguttata and C. rosti are synonyms.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Following Kovář (2007)C. magnifica and C. divaricata are synonyms.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). Harmonia axyridis has been introduced in 1927 (Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982), but wasn’t observed until 2002 (Merkviladze and Kvavadze 2002) in Eastern Georgia (Lagodekhy Reserve). Genetic studies would be necessary to assess the origin of the actual population(s), perhaps resulting of spreading from the admixed Western-Europe population (Lombaert et al. 2011).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). Harmonia conformis is an introduced species (Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982, 1983), also established in France (Coutanceau 2009) and Egypt (Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982) against the psyllid Acizzia uncatoides. Its establishment has been confirmed in 2002 (Merkviladze and Kvavadze 2002).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
One species is recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). However, it is also present in Daghestan (Bieńkowski 2018) from where it was described by Motchulsky (1837).
Three species are recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Five species are recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007) but in Azerbaijan and Armenia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007) but in Armenia.
One species is recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). Novius cardinalis is an introduced species now present in many countries and considered as the most effective among the ladybird beetles released (Rondoni et al. 2020), consuming the scale insect Icerya purchasi.
One species is recorded from Georgia.
Twenty species can be considered as present in Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded by Merkviladze and Kvavadze (2002). However, it has been described from Georgia, with no more indication of location. Its status needs to be investigated.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). It was first reported in the original description of Scymnus bipustulatus Motchulsky, 1837 from Chirvan, now in Azerbaijan. Schneider and Leder (1878) report it under the name of S. bipustulatus Motchulsky, from Borjomi (Samtskhe-Javakheti) and Savenko (1953) under the name of S. (Sidis) biguttatus Mulsant from Tbilisi.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007). Scymnus testaceus has been described from The Caucasus Baths, with no more indication.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Two species recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Two species are recorded from Georgia.
This species is not recorded in Georgia by Kovář (2007).
Three species are recorded from Georgia.
This species is only recorded by Kovář (2007) in central Europe, ranging from Austria to Ukraine and from Montenegro to Bulgaria. The Georgian records were reported by Scheinder and Leder (1878) in Lailasch (Racha-Leckhumi and Kveno-Svaneti), by Savenko (1953) in Kutaisi (Imereti). Iablokoff-Knzorian (1983) only cites the Caucasus region. Specific investigations are necessary to confirm/infirm its presence in Georgia.
Only one (introduced) species is recorded from Georgia.
The Georgian fauna of
Among the biocontrol agents introduced into Georgia,
We thank the family Kontselidze for their welcome and for allowing us to take samples in their garden. We also thank Oldřich Nedvěd and an anonymous reviewer for their important and valuable comments which contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. This work was partially supported (AM) by the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation program [grant 773 902-SuperPests].
საქართველოს ჭიამაიების (