Picking pearls from the Silk Road: Insights into the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in Georgia from the Caucasus Barcode of life project. Part II

Armen Seropian; Natalia Bulbulashvili; Stefan Otto; Hans-Joachim Krammer; Nino Kachlishvili; Anastasia Datunashvili

doi:10.3897/caucasiana.2.e110536

Research Article

Caucasiana 2: 231-297
https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e110536 (12 Dec 2023)

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Article title
Key words
Introduction
Material and methods
- Sampling methods
- DNA processing
Results
- List of spider species recorded
  - Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864
  - Cheiracanthium montanum L. Koch, 1877
  - *Cheiracanthium pelasgicum (C.L. Koch, 1837)
- Family Clubionidae Simon, 1878
  - Clubiona alpicola Kulczyński, 1882
  - Clubiona caucasica Mikhailov & Otto, 2017
  - Clubiona golovatchi Mikhailov, 1990
  - Clubiona lutescens Westring, 1851
  - Clubiona neglecta O. P. Cambridge, 1862
  - Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)
  - *Clubiona phragmitis C.L. Koch, 1843
  - Clubiona pseudosimilis Mikhailov, 1990
  - *Porrhoclubiona genevensis (L. Koch, 1866)
- Family Cybaeidae Banks, 1892
  - Cybaeus abchasicus Charitonov, 1947
- Family Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
  - Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757)
  - Dictyna ottoi Marusik & Koponen, 2017
  - Lathys humilis (Blackwall, 1855)
  - *Lathys spasskyi Andreeva & Tystshenko, 1969
  - Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830)
  - *Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951)
- Family Dysderidae C.L. Koch, 1837
  - Cryptoparachtes adzharicus Dunin, 1992
  - Cryptoparachtes fedotovi (Charitonov, 1956)
  - Dysdera dunini Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988
  - Dysdera gmelini Dunin, 1991
  - Dysdera inopinata Dunin, 1991
  - Harpactea caucasia (Kulczyński, 1895)
  - Harpactea logunovi Dunin, 1992
  - *Harpactea modesta Dunin, 1991
  - Harpactea paradoxa Dunin, 1992
  - Harpactea spasskyi Dunin, 1992
- Family Eresidae C.L. Koch, 1845
  - Eresus sp. (sandaliatus-species group)
  - *Stegodyphus lineatus (Latreille, 1817)
- Filistatidae
  - Pritha pallida (Kulczyński, 1897)
- Family Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892
  - *Anagraphis pallens Simon, 1893
  - Aphantaulax trifasciata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
  - *Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Civizelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)
  - Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)
  - Drassyllus pusillus (C.L. Koch, 1833)
  - Gnaphosa lucifuga (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Gnaphosa lugubris (C.L. Koch, 1839)
  - *Gnaphosa steppica Ovtsharenko, Platnick & Song, 1992
  - **Haplodrassus orientalis (L. Koch, 1866)
  - Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839)
  - *Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833)
  - Kishidaia conspicua (L. Koch, 1866)
  - Micaria formicaria (Sundevall, 1831)
  - Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831)
  - Micaria silesiaca L. Koch, 1875
  - **Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861
  - Nomisia aussereri (L. Koch, 1872)
  - Nomisia conigera (Spassky, 1941)
  - Nomisia exornata (C.L. Koch, 1839)
  - Poecilochroa variana (C.L. Koch, 1839)
  - Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)
  - Trachyzelotes pedestris (C.L. Koch, 1837)
  - Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch, 1872)
  - *Zelotes hermani (Chyzer, 1897)
  - Zelotes khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008
- Family Hahniidae Bertkau, 1878
  - Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841)
  - **Iberina montana (Blackwall, 1841)
  - *Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871)
  - Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczyński, 1897)
- Family Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859
  - *Acartauchenius scurrilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
  - Agyneta conigera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1863)
  - Agyneta rurestris (C.L. Koch, 1836)
  - Araeoncus caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987
  - Asthenargus caucasicus Tanasevitch, 1987
  - **Baryphyma proclive (Simon, 1884)
  - Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833)
  - Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875)
  - Centromerus minor Tanasevitch, 1990
  - Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841)
  - Ceratinella brevis (Wider, 1834)
  - Diplocephalus latifrons (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1863)
  - Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834)
  - Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1833)
  - *Erigonoplus globipes (L. Koch, 1872)
  - Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L. Koch, 1835)
  - Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834)
  - Gonatium rubens (Blackwall, 1833)
  - Ipa keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1867)
  - *Ipa terrenus (L. Koch, 1879)
  - Lepthyphantes cruentatus Tanasevitch, 1987
  - *Maso gallicus Simon, 1894
  - Maso sundevalli (Westring, 1851)
  - *Mecopisthes peusi Wunderlich, 1972
  - Megalepthyphantes pseudocollinus Saaristo, 1997
  - Metopobactrus prominulus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
  - Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)
  - Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851)
  - Nematogmus sanguinolentus (Walckenaer, 1841)
  - Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830)
  - *Neriene furtiva (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
  - Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850)
  - Oedothorax meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987
  - *Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851)
  - Palliduphantes khobarum (Charitonov, 1947)
  - *Panamomops sulcifrons (Wider, 1834)
  - Pelecopsis crassipes Tanasevitch, 1987
  - *Plesiophantes joosti Heimer, 1981
  - Plesiophantes simplex Tanasevitch, 1987
  - *Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841)
  - *Porrhomma microphthalmum (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
  - *Porrhomma montanum Yaginuma & Nishikawa, 1971
  - Scutpelecopsis krausi (Wunderlich, 1980)
  - Scutpelecopsis wunderlichi Marusik & Gnelitsa, 2009
  - *Sintula retroversus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
  - Stemonyphantes agnatus Tanasevitch, 1990
  - *Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Styloctetor romanus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
  - *Tallusia experta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871)
  - Tapinopa longidens (Wider, 1834)
  - Tenuiphantes contortus (Tanasevitch, 1986)
  - Tenuiphantes mengei (Kulczyński, 1887)
  - Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)
  - **Theonina cf. cornix (Simon, 1881)
  - *Tiso vagans (Blackwall, 1834)
  - *Trichopterna cito (O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)
  - Troglohyphantes adjaricus Tanasevitch, 1987
  - *Troglohyphantes birsteini Charitonov, 1947
  - *Typhochrestus inflatus Thaler, 1980
  - Walckenaeria alticeps (Denis, 1952)
  - *Walckenaeria bifasciculata Tanasevitch, 1987
  - **Walckenaeria cf. corniculans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875)
  - *Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider, 1834)
- Family Liocranidae Simon, 1897
  - **Agroeca brunnea Blackwall, 1833
  - Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873
  - *Agroeca lusatica (L. Koch, 1875)
  - *Mesiotelus caucasicus Zamani & Marusik, 2021
- Family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833
  - Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)
  - *Alopecosa cronebergi (Thorell, 1875)
  - Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757)
  - Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757)
  - Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873)
  - Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczynski, 1895)
  - Arctosa personata (L. Koch, 1872)
  - Arctosa tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1946
  - Geolycosa charitonovi (Mcheidze, 1997)
  - Lycosa singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770)
  - *Pardosa atomaria (C.L. Koch, 1847)
  - Pardosa azerifalcata Marusik, Guseinov & Koponen, 2003
  - Pardosa buchari Ovtsharenko, 1979
  - Pardosa caucasica Ovtsharenko, 1979
  - Pardosa consimilis Nosek, 1905
  - Pardosa incerta Nosek, 1905
  - Pardosa italica Tongiorgi, 1966
  - *Pardosa luctinosa Simon, 1876
  - Pardosa morosa (L. Koch, 1870)
  - Pardosa nebulosa (Thorell, 1872)
  - Pardosa pontica (Thorell, 1875)
  - **Pardosa saltans Töpfer-Hofmann, 2000
  - Pardosa sphagnicola (Dahl, 1908)
  - Pardosa tatarica (Thorell, 1875)
  - Pirata piraticus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Piratula hurkai (Buchar, 1966)
  - Piratula latitans (Blackwall, 1841)
  - Trochosa cachetiensis Mcheidze, 1997
  - Trochosa hispanica Simon, 1870
  - *Wadicosa fidelis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
- Family Mimetidae Simon, 1881
  - *Ero koreana Paik, 1967
  - Mimetus laevigatus (Keyserling, 1863)
- Family Miturgidae Simon, 1886
  - Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
- Family Nemesiidae Simon, 1892
  - Raveniola adjarica Zonstein, Kunt & Yağmur, 2018
- Family Nesticidae Simon, 1894
  - Aituaria borutzkyi (Reimoser, 1930)
- Family Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862
  - *Oecobius maculatus Simon, 1870
  - *Oecobius nadiae (Spassky, 1936)
- Family Oonopidae Simon, 1890
  - *Silhouettella osmaniye Wunderlich, 2011
  - *Oonops pulcher Templeton, 1835
  - **Orchestina pavesiiformis Saaristo, 2007
- Family Oxyopidae Thorell, 1869
  - Oxyopes globifer Simon, 1876
- *Palpimanidae Thorell, 1870
  - *Palpimanus sp. Dufour, 1820
- Family Philodromidae Thorell, 1870
  - Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Philodromus collinus C.L. Koch, 1835
  - Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803)
  - *Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870
  - *Philodromus praedatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871
  - Thanatus arenarius L. Koch, 1872
  - Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Thanatus imbecillus L. Koch, 1878
- Family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850
  - Spermophora senoculata (Dugès, 1836)
- Family Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892
  - Phrurolithus festivus (C.L. Koch, 1835)
- Family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841
  - Aelurillus concolor Kulczyński, 1891
  - *Aelurillus m-nigrum Kulczyński, 1891
  - Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Asianellus festivus (C.L. Koch, 1834)
  - *Attulus ammophilus (Thorell, 1875)
  - Attulus damini (Chyzer, 1891)
  - Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875)
  - Attulus relictarius (Logunov, 1998)
  - *Attulus rupicola (C.L. Koch, 1837)
  - *Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868)
  - *Bianor albobimaculatus (Lucas, 1846)
  - *Chalcoscirtus tanasevichi Marusik, 1991
  - *Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846)
  - *Cyrba ocellata (Kroneberg, 1875)
  - Dendryphantes rudis (Sundevall, 1833)
  - Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1992
  - *Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868
  - Heliophanus melinus L. Koch, 1867
  - Heliophanus mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
  - **Icius hamatus (C.L. Koch, 1846)
  - *Leptorchestes berolinensis (C.L. Koch, 1846)
  - Marpissa pomatia (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Mendoza canestrinii (Ninni, 1868)
  - *Mogrus neglectus (Simon, 1868)
  - Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)
  - Neaetha absheronica Logunov & Guseinov, 2002
  - Neon rayi (Simon, 1875)
  - *Pellenes diagonalis (Simon, 1868)
  - Pellenes epularis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872)
  - *Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868)
  - Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875)
  - Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875)
  - *Phlegra cinereofasciata (Simon, 1868)
  - *Plexippoides gestroi (Dalmas, 1920)
  - *Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868)
  - **Pseudeuophrys vafra (Blackwall, 1867)
  - Pseudicius encarpatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - **Saitis tauricus Kulczyński, 1904
  - *Salticus tricinctus (C.L. Koch, 1846)
  - *Sibianor turkestanicus Logunov, 2001
  - *Synageles dalmaticus (Keyserling, 1863)
  - Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836)
- Family Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872
  - Olios sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875)
- Family Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866
  - Meta bourneti Simon, 1922
  - Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1869)
  - Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763)
  - Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823
  - Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830
  - Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830
- Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833
  - Anelosimus vittatus (C.L. Koch, 1836)
  - **Coscinida tibialis Simon, 1895
  - Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834)
  - *Crustulina sticta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861)
  - Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834)
  - **Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875)
  - *Enoplognatha mediterranea Levy & Amitai, 1981
  - Enoplognatha quadripunctata Simon, 1885
  - *Enoplognatha serratosignata (L. Koch, 1879)
  - Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)
  - Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809
  - **Euryopis episinoides (Walckenaer, 1847)
  - Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
  - *Kochiura aulica (C.L. Koch, 1838)
  - Lasaeola dbari Kovblyuk, Marusik & Omelko, 2012
  - *Lasaeola prona (Menge, 1868)
  - Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790)
  - Neottiura suaveolens (Simon, 1880)
  - **Neottiura uncinata (Lucas, 1846)
  - *Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851)
  - Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)
  - Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Robertus arundineti (O. P.-Cambridge, 1891)
  - Robertus golovatchi Eskov, 1987
  - Simitidion simile (C.L. Koch, 1836)
  - Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
  - Theridula gonygaster (Simon, 1873)
  - Yaginumena maculosa Yoshida & Ono, 2000
- Family Theridiosomatidae Simon, 1881
  - Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. Koch, 1877)
- Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833
  - Cozyptila guseinovorum Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005
  - Diaea livens Simon, 1876
  - Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Heriaeus oblongus Simon, 1918
  - *Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973
  - Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801)
  - *Ozyptila claveata (Walckenaer, 1837)
  - *Ozyptila scabricula (Westring, 1851)
  - *Ozyptila tricoloripes Strand, 1913
  - Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
  - Psammitis ninnii (Thorell, 1872)
  - Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872
  - Xysticus bacurianensis Mkheidze, 1971
  - Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872
  - Xysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870
  - Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875
  - Xysticus pseudolanio Wunderlich, 1995
  - Xysticus spasskyi Utochkin, 1968
  - Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831)
- Family Titanoecidae Lehtinen, 1967
  - *Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846)
  - *Titanoeca caucasica Dunin, 1985
  - Titanoeca schineri C.L. Koch, 1872
  - **Titanoeca ukrainica Guryanova, 1992
- Family Trachelidae Simon, 1897
  - *Cetonana laticeps (Canestrini, 1868)
  - Orthobula charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986)
  - Trachelas minor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872
- Family Uloboridae Thorell, 1869
  - Hyptiotes flavidus (Blackwall, 1862)
  - *Hyptiotes gerhardti Wiehle, 1929
  - Hyptiotes paradoxus (C.L. Koch, 1834)
  - Uloborus plumipes Lucas, 1846
- Family Zodariidae Thorell, 1881
  - *Zodarion morosum Denis, 1935
  - **Zodarion nigrifemur Caporiacco, 1948
  - Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Supplementary material

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